Question approach and qualifies to be used in Entrepreneurship

1. Distinguish or differentiate use while or whereas put that conjunction on a separate line

2. Sources, indicators, tools, forms, principles, types, laws, essentials, elements, features, characteristics, traits and components just give the point, and then explain

3. Qualities use should and is the only question in entrepreneurship which needs should

4. Challenges use words like low, limited, inadequate, improper, insufficient, inappropriate, shortage and challenge of avoid using poor or lack.

5. Ways, measures, techniques, solutions, remedies, how, methods (begin with By/through or present continuous tense(ing)

6. a) what measures can be taken, what measures should be taken, what measures are being taken, what can the government do, what should the government do, what has been done (begin with By/through or (ing) present continuous tense. Avoid talking of your government when giving your answers

b) Any question that ends with the word in Uganda. Give only the present continuous tense when beginning or stating your points. (this is the applicable question)

7. Steps, procedures, process (use chronological order, present continuous tense)

8. Circumstances, situations and conditions (begin with: when, If and incase)

9. When may (begin: when, if and incase)

10. Aims, goals, objectives, reasons, purposes, functions and rationale (begin: To)

11. Why may (begin: To)

12. Factors considered (give a neutral point, full stop, one sided explanation)

13. Factors influencing/determining/affecting (give a neutral point then put a full stop, then explain but avoid speculative statements like will, can, may)

14. Uses, benefits, merits, advantages, demerits, disadvantages, relevancies, significances (use present simple tense), like it leads, enables, promotes) but only when the question is in singular and in plural answer like lead, promote, enable etc) avoid used of can, should, may and likely i.e. direct explanation

15. Compared with, over or preferred to (use unlike, than or compared to)

16. Single edged/ biased questions, limitations, Factors promoting, barriers, hindrances, constraints (give one sided answer and explain according to question/ or one sided explanation)

17. Effects, impacts, implications, consequences, results (give both positive and negative effects separately) avoid past tense

18. Roles, responsibilities (use an action verb with words ending with tion, Sion, ment or use present continuous tense(ing)

19. What is the role, describe (give only positive)

20. Examine, discuss, and assess (give positive and negative)

21. Why is it necessary (use To)

Paper 2

Project Management Skills

Introduction

This chapter aims at enabling learners to develop the skills of applying the theoretical concepts of entrepreneurship education to real life situations.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION PAPER 2

This is a three (3) hours written examination which tests a candidate’s conceptualization of entrepreneurship education concepts and how to apply them to the real world situation.

Paper 230/2 has 6 optional questions and a candidate is required to attempt any four (4) questions, each question carries 25 marks. Questions in this section test how the candidate has developed the skills of applying the theoretical concepts of entrepreneurship education to real life situations.

Key Areas In Project Management Work

Candidates should take note that any project work question must have:

Name of the business which must be meaningful and attractive
Business logo
Document title
Business address and location
Business contacts i.e. telephone contacts and email address
Frame

Sources documents In Business

A source document is an original record containing the details of a substantial transaction entered in an accounting system. It’s a document upon which details of transactions or accounting events are recorded.

Examples of source documents in business include

Cash sale slip
Price list
Catalogue
Quotation
Local purchase order
Package sheet / packaging note
Advice note
Dispatch note
Delivery note
Invoices
Goods received note
Debit note
Petty cash voucher
Cheque deposit slip
Cash deposit slip
Clients information form
Goods returned note
Statement of account
Receipt
Stock card
Stock ledger card
Stock requisition form
Fund requisition form
Employee / personal record card for your workers
Employees payment voucher (pay slip for workers)
Payment voucher
Cheque
Cash withdraw form / slip
Purchase contract note
Share certificate

Key areas / features of source documents

Almost all source documents have the following features

Name of the business which must be meaningful and attractive
Business logo
date
Business address and location
Business address i.e. telephone contact and or email address
Frame which encloses all the particulars of the documents
Source document title e.g. payment voucher
Source document number
Name and address of the recipient
Particular of items / goods and their respective values
Name and signatures of the authorities

Common words under source documents

Design /draft. A question that requires a candidate to design or draft means that as the candidate is giving his/her answer, he/she is not supposed to fill in all the details of the documents. Such details to be excluded in this case include the date, name and address of the recipient, particulars of items / goods and their respective values, names and signatures of the authorities.

In most cases source documents come with pre-printed document number that usually appear in red ink. Hence whether the question requires the candidate to design or prepare, he/she is free to indicate the document number

Prepare/ write. A question that requires a candidate to write or prepare means that as the candidate is giving his/her answers, he/she is supposed to fill in a the necessary details in the document being prepared or written.

Entrepreneurship Education Presentation On Paper Two (P230/2)

This is an application paper that requires candidates to make an application of what they have learnt from the theory part of the subject.
This paper has got challenges to many students in a way that most students have a misconception that questions for this paper are from financial management and purchasing management only. This is not the case. The paper extracts its questions from all topics of the syllabus.
Therefore students should not draw a demarcation between papers in terms of topics but rather on formulation of questions.

Distinction Between Preparing And Designing Documents
This distinction only applies to source documents but not to; illustrations like, adverts, human resource documents such as job specification, description etc. it is not also applicable to programs, schedule and procedure, steps, process etc

Note. The format for all programs is the same. The variation is only on activities

Questions About Policy Documents/ Guidelines
A variety of words can be used here e.g. prepare, draft, develop, propose, present, write, suggest, and formulate etc. However, the presentation shall remain the same irrespective of the word used in the question.
The possible sources of such questions include; areas with ways, techniques, suggestions, proposals, tools among others. The answer to such questions is governed by 3 instructions;
Use shall or present simple tense
Be specific
Avoid personalizing the business i.e. avoid use of I, My, We and Our.

This is because we do not draft guidelines for ourselves as owners of the business but the guidelines are drafted for the business.

Business policy documents should also carry business name and address

Writing Sections Of The Business Plan

Irrespective of whether you are preparing a business plan for an existing business or for a business not yet established, a business plan is prepared or written using the present simple tense. This is because the business plan is a working document to which the business shall always refer. Other guiding instructions are;

Being specific
Avoiding personalizing the business

Writing Skills
Writing skills can be tested in various ways such as writing letters, circulars, notices, memos and reports.
The most important skill tested here is the style/format of letter writing where by the candidate has to be consistent with the style opted for from beginning to end.
Other important area tested here is the flow of information i.e., how parts of the letter are following one another. This information is tested from communication skills and a variety of work can be tested here.
Also emphasize areas such as; whether you are writing to an insider or outsider which will guide you on how to write the receivers address. This implies when writing to an insider, the receivers address is same as the writer’s address unlike when writing to an outsider.
Writing General Description Of The Business
This consists of a summary statement of the business that aims at explaining the following;
Name and address of the business
Physical location of the business
Legal form or nature of the business
Background of the business
Goods offered by the business
Customers of the business
Description of the business assets
The SWOT analysis
Vision statement of the business
Mission statement
Goals of the business
Objectives of the business

NOTE

Any of the vision, mission, goals and objectives shall represent the rest because they all rotate around the purpose of the business
Use the present simple tense

Financial Management Questions

The possible sources of questions for A’ level entrepreneurship P230/2 financial management questions are;

Financial statement Accounting
Cash flow statements
Taxation

To create a difference between “O” Level and “A” level Entrepreneurship, National Curriculum Development Centre NCDC) of recent puts much emphasis on interpreting the results of the business performance

The interpretation of such results is basically based on definition of the ratio being interpreted or variables in the formula
The candidate should master very well stating the different formulae, in addition to indicating the correct units for every answer got depending on what is being calculated.

Possible Questions In Paper 2 As Per The Topics In The Syllabus

Topic 1: introduction to Entrepreneurship

Guidelines for coping with change
Guidelines for enhancing creativity
Guidelines for promoting innovation
Guidelines for negotiation
Guidelines for developing good business ethics
Communication skills. These include
Writing skills (ref. category 3 of main presentation)
Guidelines for developing effective communication
Guidelines for handling difficult customers
Guidelines for attending to messages
Guidelines to be followed when presenting a product to customers
Guidelines when bargaining a product with customers
Guidelines for recovering overdue debts
Communication documents such as, writing business letter , memorandum, notices, reports, minutes of the meeting , circulars, banners etc
Guidelines for developing a good personal brand

Topic 2: Social Entrepreneurship

Developing mission statement
Programme for becoming social entrepreneur
GEPIC structure for advocacy for promoting the business
Root cause analysis tool
Sections of social enterprise plan

Topic 3: business idea and opportunity identification

Program for turning a business idea into product
Program for determining the profitability of the business

Topic 4: small and medium enterprises

Guidelines for ensuring success of a small business
Programme for taking an insurance policy

Topic 5: gender and entrepreneurship

Guidelines for enhancing gender partnership in business

Topic 6: Business plan preparation

Executive summary
Writing parts of the business plan like
General description of the business.
Statement of mission, vision and objectives of the business.
Marketing plan.
Financial plan.
Production plan / operational plan
Organizational plan / administration plan / management
Action plan / implementation plan

Other related documents

Business profile
Organizational chart

Topic 7: Production management

Program for purchasing business requirements
Source documents such as inquiry, quotation, purchase order, price list, invoice, receipt, dispatch note, goods received note, delivery note etc.
Stock cards, stock requisition form
Designing time schedules
Guidelines for effective time management
Designing plant layout / production process flow plan
Preparing budgets
Packaging labels
Production schedules
Work weekly schedules
Vehicle maintenance schedule
Production guidelines. They include
Guidelines when managing personnel
Guidelines to minimize the cost of production
Guidelines to ensure proper management of inventory
Guidelines to ensure the welfare of the staff
Guidelines for handling hazardous substance
Guidelines to minimize accidents when transporting raw materials
Guidelines for ensuring security of the workplace
Guidelines to be followed when purchasing raw materials
Guidelines to ensure quality production
Safety guidelines for workers / employees
Guidelines to cleanliness at production work
Guidelines followed when designing a product
Guidelines to be followed when handling machines
Guidelines to promote hygiene at production place.

Topic 8: marketing management and product promotion

Field visit guide
Designing a questionnaire/market survey guide
SWOT analysis guide
Guidelines for effective marketing strategy
Guidelines for effective market segmentation
Guidelines for presenting business products to customers
Customer opinion form / client from
Launching program
Promotional program
Customer satisfaction survey tool
Designing different forms of adverts
Designing distribution schedules
Designing a market flow chart
Guidelines for good customer care
Designing a customer satisfaction survey form
Programme for creative selling process
Marketing illustrations like business cards / new paper adverts, sign posts, fliers , brochures , bill boards, business logo etc

Topic 9: managing personnel / human resource management

Designing or preparing

Job application form
Job specification
Program for recruiting business employees
Program for training business employees
Induction program for new employees
Job adverts
Interview guide
Curriculum vitae
Employee contract
Human resource guidelines
Job description
Job analysis
Performance appraisal form
Payroll
Pay slip
Guidelines for motivating employees
Employees’ code of conduct to promote discipline
Rules and regulations followed by business employees

Topic 10: Loan management and related documents

Loan repayment schedules
Loan application form
Guidelines for loan management
Program for obtaining a loan
Credit recovery loan program
Guidelines when selling goods on credit
Terms and conditions of lending
Hire purchase agreement
Guidelines to be followed when giving a loan
Related documents in loan management
Debtors reminder note
Credit status inquiry

Topic 11: source documents

An inquiry
Quotation
Price list
Catalogue
Purchase local order
Credit status inquiry
Delivery note
An invoice
Credit note
Debit note
Packaging sheet
Goods received note
Goods returned note
Statement of account
Receipt

Note: other related documents include

Stock card
Cash deposit slip
Cheque deposit slip
Standing order
Stock requisition form
Prospectus
Share certificate

Budgets

Types of budgets
General budget
Financial budgets

Topic 12: financial management

Concept of double entry
Ledgers
Trial balance
Final accounts i.e. income statement / trading profit and loss account / statement of compressive income and balance sheet / statement of financial position.
Ratios and their interpretation
Cash flow statement
Tax computations

Paper 3

Teaching Syllabus

Paper 3 unlike paper 1 and paper 2 has no syllabus. It borrows information from all topics of entrepreneurship syllabus including financial management from which questions are asked

It therefore covers areas like

Introduction to entrepreneurship education
Entrepreneurship skills
Business opportunities
Business ideas
Business ethics
Social entrepreneurship
Risks and risk management
Small and medium enterprises
Business planning
Production management
Quality management
Product promotion
Marketing management
Coping with competition
Personnel management
Capital markets and collective investment schemes
Corporate governance
Taxation
Gender and entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurial environment

Examination tips/approach

Section a

Section A consists of a case study and is compulsory. The case study tests student’s understanding and comprehension of entrepreneurial concepts. A case study regarding entrepreneurs is presented to the candidates to test their understanding and interpretation of concepts. The case study covers a number of topics in entrepreneurship syllabus including financial management, from which questions are asked.

Note

While answering questions in this section, candidates should put emphasis on the kind of question being attempted. This is because some questions require evidence from the case study that helps to back up the candidate’s answers in order to earn a full mark(s). However, not all questions may require evidence from the case study.

Section B

This section assesses student’s participation in school business clubs that are the laboratory for entrepreneurship education; it aims at measuring the personal development that candidates go through in their school business clubs.

Language used is preferably past tense since at the end of the two years of study; the candidate must dissolve their projects. Hence we use words like was, were, had etc.
Evidence in form of description, examples is strictly required
Name and address of business includes business name, box number, district and contacts
The business location should include the village, parish, sub parish or if not the candidate should give an outstanding physical features e.g opposite school canteen, main hall, Kampala taxi park
The business purpose should be written within two years of candidate’s study
Uniqueness of the business may be in form of unique features like workers, assets, buildings, production methods, legal ownership, and customers being served
The sources of funds must carry the values/ amounts of money
The SWOT analysis should be in line with industry

SECTION C

Field attachment is a field based practical training experience that prepares learners for the tasks they are expected to perform on completion of their education. Here, students are required to participate in the field attachment in real businesses at their own conveniences; however, it is advisable that students take the field attachment during their holiday

Language used here is preferably present tense since the business still exists. Hence we use words like is, are, has etc
Evidence in form of description, example is strictly required
Name and address of business includes business name, box number, district and contacts
The business location should include the village, parish, sub parish or if not the candidate should give an outstanding physical features e.g opposite Kampala taxi park, even location in town may also include / use of street, plot number
Uniqueness of the business may be in form of unique features like workers, assets, buildings, production methods, legal ownership, and customers being served
The sources of funds may or may not carry the values/ amounts of money
The SWOT analysis should be in line with industry

Requirements Of Learners In Preparation For Paper 3

Active participation in the practical activities. No dodging of practical work/club activity, field attachment and field trip.
Gathering and giving evidence for every point raised in class notes, tests and exams.
For biased questions students must give reason when the question is not applicable to their project
Observation and use of the relevant language/tense used in the question
Thorough knowledge of theory. i.e. P230/1 for easier and quicker deriving of points especially class notes focusing on; –
Production process.
production activities
Documents.
record books
costs,
challenges,
Risks.
Problems faced.
Financial management.
Impact of the business.
Taxation, among others.
Adequate general information on business to be derived from O- Level text books.

Key Topics For Paper Three P230/3

Questions for paper three – P230/3 can be derived from all topics, however, the main topics on which paper three practical activities focus are: –

Introduction to entrepreneurship Education.
Production management.
Marketing management.
Sales promotion.
Financial management, and
Managing personnel among others.

Common mistakes made in paper 3

Failure to read and understand instructions. This is still a challenge to some candidates. In this paper, section A is compulsory and a candidate may either answer all the two questions from section B about the school business projects and answer one question from section C or a candidate is free to answer the two questions in section C and pick one from section B making it a total of four (4) questions.
Failure to read, analyze and interpret the case study. Some students have a bias towards reading the case study yet it is a compulsory question. This implies that such candidates give answers without attaching evidence from the case study as if they are answering questions of paper 1. The end result of this is that such candidates score either zero or little marks in this section.
Poor question selection. This usually happens in section B and section C. some questions in these two sections tend to be unfriendly but at times it is hard for a candidate to distinguish between them. A candidate mat chose a question where he / she may not even score 10/25. This is usually caused by such questions having simple sub-sections that one may easily answer.
Giving answers in an outlined form. Paper 3 is a practical paper that requires candidates to answer the WHY (mentioning the point) and How (giving evidence). This implies that after the candidate has given a correct answer, he / she must go an extra mile to convince the examiner by giving a perfect example or evidence from the case study, school business project, field attachment or field trip

Note

The greatest challenge in this paper is actually here. Candidates present answers which at times are correct but lack evidence / examples to back up their answers. This implies that where one would score full marks, he / she ends up getting half.

Failure to participate in school business projects. Like we saw earlier, paper 3 is a practical paper that requires hands on. Questions set in section B about business projects require perfect knowledge from the candidate about day-to-day activities in the project. However, some students tend to take this for granted hoping to generate answers direct from paper 1. This is indeed very dangerous and wrong because these answers will have no evidence at all.
Failure to carry out field attachments / field trips. Field attachment is mainly used to answer question (4) while field trips are used to answer question (5)

Common terms used in setting in paper 3

Before we look at these terminologies first of all, we need to appreciate the nature and demands of this paper i.e. the WHY (mentioning the point) and HOW (giving evidence). However, in so doing, we also need to know that in some cases, the how i.e. evidence is implied in the statement / answer raised. Hence it is the duty of the student to identify areas where evidence is implied and not.

Illustrate / draw. This requires the candidate to illustrate the answer with the aid of drawing / diagram. For example, draw / illustrate the layout, organizational chart etc., of the business you were attached.
Describe. The candidate is excepted to give a point and then explain it in details with evidence

Note:

Candidates tend to confuse the above two words in exams. For instance, a question may be “Describe the layout of the business you were attached to” “most students will end up giving the answer by drawing the lay out which is wrong. This question requires answers in an essay form (paragraphs) and not a drawing. However, evidence for each answer must be given. This will be in form of giving the purpose / use of each element stated. For example, store / ware house (why / mentioning) for storing both raw materials and finished goods (how evidence).

Explain. The candidate is supposed to give a very clear and some detailed point with evidence
State/give/list/ mention/ outline. The candidate is supposed to give a brief but clear point say of one or one and half times but with evidence
What. This requires the candidate to explain, “what is” by giving clearly explained points but with evidence
Why/give reasons. The candidate is supposed to give a reasoned answer to the question but with evidence.